by 1910 some 115,000 southern and eastern European immigrants had settled in the eleven state region that had earlier comprised the Confederate States of America. The most numerous immigrant element to enter the region by that date were Italians, 44,358 in number, residing chiefly along the Gulf Coast and in the Mississippi River Valley. I now propose to look at the experience of this particular group as a case study of the South’s reaction to this New Immigrant influx.